Physical Chemistry for the Biosciences
by Chang
ISBN: | Copyright 2005
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Chang’s newest text has been shortened, streamlined and optimized for a one-semester introductory course in physical chemistry for students of biosciences. Most students enrolled in this course have taken general chemistry, organic chemistry, and a year of physics and calculus. Only basic skills of differential and integral calculus are required for understanding the equations. For premedical students, this text will form the basis for taking courses like physiology in medical school. For those intending to pursue graduate study in biosciences, the material presented here will serve as an introduction to topics in biophysical chemistry courses, where more advanced texts such as those by Gennis, van Holde, and Cantor & Schimmel are used. The author’s aim is to emphasize understanding physical concepts rather than focusing on precise mathematical development or on actual experimental details. The end-of-chapter problems have both physiochemical and biological applications.
Published under the University Science Books imprint
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| Front Cover (pg. i) | |
| Periodic Table of the Elements (pg. ii) | |
| Contents (pg. vi) | |
| Preface (pg. xiv) | |
| CHAPTER 1 Introduction (pg. 1) | |
| 1.1 Nature of Physical Chemistry (pg. 1) | |
| 1.2 Units (pg. 2) | |
| 1.3 Atomic Mass, Molecular Mass, and the Chemical Mole (pg. 5) | |
| CHAPTER 2 Properties of Gases (pg. 7) | |
| 2.1 Some Basic Definitions (pg. 7) | |
| 2.2 An Operational Definition of Temperature (pg. 8) | |
| 2.3 Ideal Gases (pg. 8) | |
| 2.4 Real Gases (pg. 14) | |
| 2.5 Condensation of Gases and the Critical State (pg. 18) | |
| 2.6 Kinetic Theory of Gases (pg. 21) | |
| 2.7 The Maxwell Distribution Laws (pg. 25) | |
| 2.8 Molecular Collisions and the Mean Free Path (pg. 28) | |
| 2.9 Graham’s Laws of Diffusion and Effusion (pg. 30) | |
| Problems (pg. 32) | |
| CHAPTER 3 The First Law of Thermodynamics (pg. 39) | |
| 3.1 Work and Heat (pg. 39) | |
| 3.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics (pg. 44) | |
| 3.3 Heat Capacities (pg. 49) | |
| 3.4 Gas Expansions (pg. 55) | |
| 3.5 Calorimetry (pg. 59) | |
| 3.6 Thermochemistry (pg. 64) | |
| 3.7 Bond Energies and Bond Enthalpies (pg. 69) | |
| Problems (pg. 75) | |
| CHAPTER 4 The Second Law of Thermodynamics (pg. 81) | |
| 4.1 Spontaneous Processes (pg. 81) | |
| 4.2 Entropy (pg. 83) | |
| 4.3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics (pg. 88) | |
| 4.4 Entropy Changes (pg. 90) | |
| 4.5 The Third Law of Thermodynamics (pg. 95) | |
| 4.6 Gibbs Energy (pg. 101) | |
| 4.7 Standard Molar Gibbs Energy of Formation (DfG°) (pg. 105) | |
| 4.8 Dependence of Gibbs Energy on Temperature and Pressure (pg. 107) | |
| 4.9 Phase Equilibria (pg. 110) | |
| 4.10 Thermodynamics of Rubber Elasticity (pg. 117) | |
| Problems (pg. 121) | |
| CHAPTER 5 Solutions (pg. 127) | |
| 5.1 Concentration Units (pg. 127) | |
| 5.2 Partial Molar Quantities (pg. 129) | |
| 5.3 The Thermodynamics of Mixing (pg. 132) | |
| 5.4 Binary Mixtures of Volatile Liquids (pg. 134) | |
| 5.5 Real Solutions (pg. 139) | |
| 5.6 Colligative Properties (pg. 142) | |
| 5.7 Electrolyte Solutions (pg. 154) | |
| 5.8 Ionic Activity (pg. 160) | |
| 5.9 Colligative Properties of Electrolyte Solutions (pg. 170) | |
| 5.10 Biological Membranes (pg. 175) | |
| APPENDIX 5.1 (pg. 182) | |
| Notes on Electrostatics (pg. 182) | |
| Problems (pg. 186) | |
| CHAPTER 6 Chemical Equilibrium (pg. 192) | |
| 6.1 Chemical Equilibrium in Gaseous Systems (pg. 193) | |
| 6.2 Reactions in Solutions (pg. 201) | |
| 6.3 Heterogeneous Equilibria (pg. 202) | |
| 6.4 The Influence of Temperature, Pressure, and Catalysts on the Equilibrium Constant (pg. 204) | |
| 6.5 Binding of Ligands and Metal Ions to Macromolecules (pg. 209) | |
| 6.6 Bioenergetics (pg. 217) | |
| Problems (pg. 230) | |
| CHAPTER 7 Electrochemistry (pg. 235) | |
| 7.1 Electrochemical Cells (pg. 235) | |
| 7.2 Single Electrode Potentials (pg. 236) | |
| 7.3 Thermodynamics of Electrochemical Cells (pg. 238) | |
| 7.4 Types of Electrochemical Cells (pg. 245) | |
| 7.5 Applications of EMF Measurements (pg. 246) | |
| 7.7 Membrane Potential (pg. 255) | |
| Problems (pg. 262) | |
| CHAPTER 8 Acids and Bases (pg. 267) | |
| 8.1 Definitions of Acid and Base (pg. 267) | |
| 8.2 The Acid–Base Properties of Water (pg. 268) | |
| 8.3 Dissociation of Acids and Bases (pg. 270) | |
| 8.4 Diprotic and Polyprotic Acids (pg. 276) | |
| 8.5 Buffer Solutions (pg. 280) | |
| 8.6 Acid–Base Titrations (pg. 286) | |
| 8.7 Amino Acids (pg. 288) | |
| 8.8 Maintaining the pH of Blood (pg. 293) | |
| APPENDIX 8.1 A More Exact Treatment of Acid–Base Equilibria (pg. 298) | |
| Problems (pg. 305) | |
| CHAPTER 9 Chemical Kinetics (pg. 311) | |
| 9.1 Reaction Rates (pg. 311) | |
| 9.2 Reaction Order (pg. 312) | |
| 9.3 Molecularity of a Reaction (pg. 324) | |
| 9.4 More Complex Reactions (pg. 328) | |
| 9.5 The Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rate (pg. 332) | |
| 9.6 Potential-Energy Surfaces (pg. 335) | |
| 9.7 Theories of Reaction Rates (pg. 336) | |
| 9.8 Isotope Effects in Chemical Reactions (pg. 343) | |
| 9.9 Reactions in Solution (pg. 346) | |
| 9.10 Fast Reactions in Solution (pg. 347) | |
| 9.11 Oscillating Solutions (pg. 353) | |
| Problems (pg. 356) | |
| CHAPTER 10 Enzyme Kinetics (pg. 363) | |
| 10.1 General Principles of Catalysis (pg. 363) | |
| 10.2 The Equations of Enzyme Kinetics (pg. 366) | |
| 10.3 Chymotrypsin: A Case Study (pg. 372) | |
| 10.4 Multisubstrate Systems (pg. 375) | |
| 10.5 Enzyme Inhibition (pg. 377) | |
| 10.6 Allosteric Interactions (pg. 385) | |
| 10.7 pH Effects on Enzyme Kinetics (pg. 393) | |
| Problems (pg. 398) | |
| CHAPTER 11 Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Structure (pg. 401) | |
| 11.1 The Wave Theory of Light (pg. 401) | |
| 11.2 Planck’s Quantum Theory (pg. 403) | |
| 11.3 The Photoelectric Effect (pg. 405) | |
| 11.4 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Emission Spectrum (pg. 407) | |
| 11.5 de Broglie’s Postulate (pg. 410) | |
| 11.6 The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle (pg. 414) | |
| 11.7 The Schrodinger Wave Equation (pg. 416) | |
| 11.8 Particle in a One-Dimensional Box (pg. 418) | |
| 11.9 Quantum Mechanical Tunneling (pg. 424) | |
| 11.10 The Schrodinger Wave Equation for the Hydrogen Atom (pg. 426) | |
| 11.11 Many-Electron Atoms and the Periodic Table (pg. 432) | |
| Problems (pg. 441) | |
| CHAPTER 12 The Chemical Bond (pg. 447) | |
| 12.1 Lewis Structures (pg. 447) | |
| 12.2 Valence Bond Theory (pg. 448) | |
| 12.3 Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals (pg. 450) | |
| 12.4 Electronegativity and Dipole Moment (pg. 455) | |
| 12.5 Molecular Orbital Theory (pg. 458) | |
| 12.6 Diatomic Molecules (pg. 460) | |
| 12.7 Resonance and Electron Delocalization (pg. 465) | |
| 12.8 Coordination Compounds (pg. 469) | |
| 12.9 Coordination Compounds in Biological Systems (pg. 477) | |
| Problems (pg. 485) | |
| CHAPTER 13 Intermolecular Forces (pg. 489) | |
| 13.1 Intermolecular Interactions (pg. 489) | |
| 13.2 The Ionic Bond (pg. 490) | |
| 13.3 Types of Intermolecular Forces (pg. 492) | |
| 13.4 Hydrogen Bonding (pg. 501) | |
| 13.5 The Structure and Properties of Water (pg. 505) | |
| 13.6 Hydrophobic Interaction (pg. 508) | |
| Problems (pg. 511) | |
| CHAPTER 14 Spectroscopy (pg. 513) | |
| 14.1 Vocabulary (pg. 513) | |
| 14.2 Microwave Spectroscopy (pg. 522) | |
| 14.3 Infrared Spectroscopy (pg. 527) | |
| 14.4 Electronic Spectroscopy (pg. 534) | |
| 14.5 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (pg. 539) | |
| 14.6 Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy (pg. 552) | |
| 14.7 Fluorescence and Phosphorescence (pg. 554) | |
| 14.8 Lasers (pg. 557) | |
| 14.9 Optical Rotatory Dispersion and Circular Dichroism (pg. 562) | |
| Problems (pg. 570) | |
| CHAPTER 15 Photochemistry and Photobiology (pg. 575) | |
| 15.1 Introduction (pg. 575) | |
| 15.2 Photosynthesis (pg. 580) | |
| 15.3 Vision (pg. 586) | |
| 15.4 Biological Effects of Radiation (pg. 591) | |
| Problems (pg. 596) | |
| CHAPTER 16 Macromolecules (pg. 599) | |
| 16.1 Methods for Determining Size, Shape, and Molar Mass of Macromolecules (pg. 599) | |
| 16.2 Structure of Synthetic Polymers (pg. 613) | |
| 16.3 Structure of Proteins and DNA (pg. 616) | |
| 16.4 Protein Stability (pg. 624) | |
| Problems (pg. 635) | |
| APPENDIX 1 Review of Mathematics (pg. 639) | |
| APPENDIX 2 Thermodynamic Data (pg. 651) | |
| Glossary (pg. 655) | |
| Answers to Even-Numbered Computational Problems (pg. 665) | |
| Index (pg. 669) | |
| Periodic Table of the Elements (pg. 678) | |
| SI Base Units (pg. 679) | |
| Values of Some Fundamental Constants (pg. 680) | |
| Useful Conversion Factors (pg. 681) | |
| Index of Important Figures and Tables (pg. 681) | |
| The Greek Alphabet (pg. 681) | |
| Back Cover (pg. 682) | |
Raymond Chang
Raymond Chang was born in Hong Kong and grew up in Shanghai and Hong Kong, China. He received his B.Sc. degree in chemistry from London University, England and his Ph.D. in physical chemistry from Yale University. After doing postdoctoral research at Washington University and teaching for a year at Hunter College of the City University of New York, he joined the chemistry department at Williams College. Chang has served on the American Chemical Society Examination Committee and the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) Committee. He has also served as editor of The Chemical Educator and has authored books on general chemistry and spectroscopy.|
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