Foundations of Inorganic Chemistry
by Wulfsberg
ISBN: 9781891389955 | Copyright 2017
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Foundations of Inorganic Chemistry by Gary Wulfsberg is our newest entry into the field of Inorganic Chemistry textbooks, designed uniquely for a one-semester stand alone course, or to be used in a full year inorganic sequence. By covering virtually every topic in the test from the 2016 ACS Exams Institute, this book will prepare your students for success. The new book combines careful pedagogy, clear writing, beautifully rendered two-color art, and solved examples, with a broad array of original, chapter-ending exercises. It assumes a background in General Chemistry, but reviews key concepts, and also assumes enrollment in a Foundations of Organic Chemistry course. Symmetry and molecular orbital theory are introduced after the student has developed an understanding of fundamental trends in chemical properties and reactions across the periodic table, which allows MO theory to be more broadly applied in subsequent chapters. Use of this text is expected to increase student enrollment, and build students’ appreciation of the central role of inorganic chemistry in any allied field.Key Features:Over 900 end-of-chapter exercises, half answered in the back of the book.Over 180 worked examples.Optional experiments & demos.Clearly cited connections to other areas in chemistry and chemical sciences.Chapter-opening biographical vignettes of noted scientists in Inorganic Chemistry.Optional General Chemistry review sections.Originally rendered two-color illustrations throughout.
Published under the University Science Books imprint
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| Front Cover (pg. i) | |
| CONTENTS IN BRIEF (pg. viii) | |
| CONTENTS (pg. x) | |
| CONNECTIONS AND AMPLIFICATIONS (pg. xiii) | |
| Preface (pg. xx) | |
| CHAPTER 1 Periodic Trends in Fundamental Properties of Atoms and Simple Ions (pg. 1) | |
| 1.1 The Connections of Inorganic Chemistry to Other Fields of Chemical Science (pg. 1) | |
| 1.2 The Periodic Table and Ions of the Elements (pg. 2) | |
| 1.3 Core and Valence Electrons; Characteristic Valence Electron Configurations of Atoms and Ions (pg. 14) | |
| 1.4 Identifying “Ions” in Chemical Formulas; Assigning Oxidation Numbers (pg. 21) | |
| 1.5 Types of Atomic Radii and Their Periodic Trends (pg. 25) | |
| 1.6 Periodic Trends in Pauling Electronegativities of Atoms (pg. 33) | |
| 1.7 Background Reading for Chapter 1 (pg. 35) | |
| 1.8 Exercises (pg. 36) | |
| CHAPTER 2 Monatomic Ions and Their Acid–Base Reactivity (pg. 43) | |
| Overview of the Chapter (pg. 43) | |
| 2.1 Acidity of Cations (pg. 44) | |
| 2.2 Predicting the Acidity Classifications of Cations (pg. 49) | |
| 2.3 Explaining the Acidic Tendencies of Cations: Why Halides of Some Cations Fail to React (pg. 53) | |
| 2.4 Predominance Diagrams and Nonmetal Hydrides as Acids (pg. 60) | |
| 2.5 Predominance Diagrams and the Precipitation of Metal Cations as Oxides or Hydroxides (pg. 65) | |
| 2.6 Monatomic Anions as Bases (pg. 69) | |
| 2.7 Background Reading for Chapter 2 (pg. 76) | |
| 2.8 Exercises (pg. 76) | |
| CHAPTER 3 Polyatomic Ions: Their Structures and Acid–Base Properties (pg. 87) | |
| Overview of the Chapter (pg. 87) | |
| 3.1 Drawing Lewis Structures (Review); Homopolyatomic Anions (pg. 87) | |
| 3.2 The Lewis Acid–Base Concept and Complex Ions (pg. 95) | |
| 3.3 Orbital Shapes, Covalent Bond Types, and the Periodicity of Bond Energies (pg. 103) | |
| 3.4 Lewis Structures, Maximum Total Coordination Numbers, and Fluoro Anions (pg. 118) | |
| 3.5 The Formulas of Oxo Anions (pg. 123) | |
| 3.6 The Basicity of Oxo Anions (pg. 129) | |
| 3.7 Predominance Diagrams for Oxo Anions and Oxo Acids (pg. 134) | |
| 3.8 Most Common Forms of the Elements in Natural Waters (pg. 142) | |
| 3.9 Nomenclature of Oxo Anions and Acids (pg. 148) | |
| 3.10 Background Reading for Chapter 3 (pg. 152) | |
| 3.11 Exercises (pg. 152) | |
| CHAPTER 4 Ionic Compounds in the Solid State, in Minerals, and in Solution (pg. 165) | |
| Overview of the Chapter (pg. 165) | |
| 4.1 Ionic Lattice Types and Radius Ratios (pg. 166) | |
| 4.2 Ionic Solids: Coulombic Attractions and Lattice Energies (pg. 177) | |
| 4.3 Solubility Rules and Tendencies I–IV for Salts of Oxo and Fluoro Anions: Their Geochemical Consequences (pg. 183) | |
| 4.4 The Contrasting Effects of Lattice and Hydration Energies on Salt Solubilities (pg. 192) | |
| 4.5 The Role of Entropy Changes in Precipitation Reactions (pg. 199) | |
| 4.6 Background Reading for Chapter 4 (pg. 206) | |
| 4.7 Exercises (pg. 206) | |
| CHAPTER 5 Trends in Coordination Equilibria (pg. 213) | |
| 5.1 Structural Analysis of Ligands: Monodentate and Chelating Ligands (pg. 214) | |
| 5.2 Coordination by Macrocyclic Ligands (pg. 227) | |
| 5.3 Bridging Ligands and Metal–Organic Framework Compounds (pg. 234) | |
| 5.4 The Hard and Soft Acid–Base Principle (pg. 242) | |
| 5.5 Bonding Principles Behind the HSAB Principle and Polar Covalent Bonding (pg. 254) | |
| 5.6 HSAB and the Solubilities of Halides and Chalcogenides (pg. 258) | |
| 5.7 HSAB and the Biological Functions and Toxicology of the Elements (pg. 264) | |
| 5.8 Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry (pg. 273) | |
| 5.9 Background Reading for Chapter 5 (pg. 281) | |
| 5.10 Exercises (pg. 282) | |
| CHAPTER 6 Principles of Oxidation–Reduction Reactivity (pg. 297) | |
| 6.1 Standard Reduction Potentials and Their Diagrammatic Representation (pg. 299) | |
| 6.2 Activity Series of Metals, Nonmetals, and Oxo Anions/Acids (pg. 314) | |
| 6.3 Explosions and Safety in the Laboratory (pg. 326) | |
| 6.4 Effects of Precipitation, Complexation, and Softness on Oxidizing and Reducing Ability (pg. 337) | |
| 6.5. Effects of pH on Redox Chemistry: Pourbaix Diagrams (pg. 343) | |
| 6.6 Thermochemical Analysis of Redox Reactions (pg. 359) | |
| 6.7 Background Reading for Chapter 6 (pg. 371) | |
| 6.8 Exercises (pg. 372) | |
| CHAPTER 7 Introduction to Transition Metal Complexes (pg. 385) | |
| 7.1 Crystal Field Theory (pg. 386) | |
| 7.2 High-Spin and Low-Spin Electron Configurations: Magnetic Properties of Metal Ions (pg. 391) | |
| 7.3 Electronic Absorption Spectra of d-Block andf-Block Complex Ions (pg. 397) | |
| 7.4 The Spectrochemical Series of Ligands and the Effects of Covalency (pg. 402) | |
| 7.5 Thermodynamic and Structural Consequences ofCrystal Field Effects (pg. 408) | |
| 7.6 Crystal Field Splitting in Complexes of OtherGeometries (pg. 414) | |
| 7.7 Geometric Preferences; Rates and Mechanismsof Ligand Exchange (pg. 423) | |
| 7.8 Heme and Hemoglobin: A Connection to Biochemistry (pg. 428) | |
| 7.9 Background Reading for Chapter 7 (pg. 432) | |
| 7.10 Exercises (pg. 432) | |
| CHAPTER 8 Oxides and Silicates as Materials (pg. 445) | |
| 8.1 Materials and Their Physical Properties (pg. 446) | |
| 8.2 The Structure Types and Physical Properties of the Oxides of the Elements (pg. 453) | |
| 8.3 Close Packing of Anions: Isomorphous Substitution in Mixed-Metal Oxides (pg. 463) | |
| 8.4 Ferromagnetic, Antiferromagnetic, and Superconducting Solid Ionic Oxides (pg. 476) | |
| 8.5 Acidity, Solubility, and Atmospheric Chemistry of Oxides (pg. 482) | |
| 8.6 Polysilicates: Basic Structural Types, Uses, and Chemistry (pg. 493) | |
| 8.7 Aluminosilicates (pg. 505) | |
| 8.8 Background Reading for Chapter 8 (pg. 514) | |
| 8.9 Exercises (pg. 515) | |
| CHAPTER 9 The Underlying Reasons for Periodic Trends (pg. 527) | |
| 9.1 Quantum Mechanics: Wave and Particle Properties of Electrons (pg. 527) | |
| 9.2 Shielding, Slater’s Rules, and Core and Valence Electrons (pg. 537) | |
| 9.3 Periodic Trends in Ionization Energies and Electron Affinities (pg. 546) | |
| 9.4 Calculations of Atomic Radii and Reasons for Their Periodic Trends (pg. 550) | |
| 9.5 Periodic Trends in Electronegativities of Atoms: Explanation and Theoretical Prediction (pg. 558) | |
| 9.6 Relativistic Effects on Orbitals (pg. 562) | |
| 9.7 Background Reading for Chapter 9 (pg. 568) | |
| 9.8 Exercises (pg. 568) | |
| CHAPTER 10 Symmetry (pg. 577) | |
| 10.1 Symmetry Operations and Elements (pg. 579) | |
| 10.2 Molecular Point Groups, Polarity, and Chirality (pg. 585) | |
| 10.3 Character Tables for Symmetry Point Groups (pg. 593) | |
| 10.4 Symmetry Labels for Bonding and Antibonding Orbitals in Diatomic Molecules (pg. 599) | |
| 10.5 Background Reading for Chapter 10 (pg. 603) | |
| 10.6 Exercises (pg. 604) | |
| CHAPTER 11 Molecular Orbital Theory: A Bridge Between Foundational and Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (pg. 611) | |
| Overview of the Chapter (pg. 611) | |
| 11.1 Molecular Orbital Theory for Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules (pg. 612) | |
| 11.2 Orbital Mixing in Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules: Bond Energies and Bond Lengths (pg. 621) | |
| 11.3 Electronic Spectroscopy and Molecular Orbital Theory (pg. 626) | |
| 11.4 Heteroatomic Diatomic Molecules and Ions (pg. 633) | |
| 11.5 Molecular Orbitals for Selected Two- and Three-Dimensional High-Symmetry (Dnh, Td ,and Oh) Complexes and Molecules (pg. 640) | |
| 11.6 d-Block Organometallic Compounds: The Role of σ-Donor, π-Donor, and π-Acceptor Ligands (pg. 649) | |
| 11.7 Background Reading for Chapter 11 (pg. 666) | |
| 11.8 Exercises (pg. 666) | |
| CHAPTER 12 The Elements as Molecules and Materials (pg. 679) | |
| 12.1 Elemental Substances: Structures and Physical Properties (pg. 680) | |
| 12.2 Molecular Orbital Theory and Conductivity Properties of Linear Oligomers and Polymers of Elements (pg. 689) | |
| 12.3 Allotropes of the Nonmetals (pg. 700) | |
| 12.4 Metals and Alloys (pg. 710) | |
| 12.5 Inorganic Materials That Are Structurally Related to Carbon Allotropes (pg. 722) | |
| 12.6 Summary Overview of Relationships Among Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic Structures and Bonding (pg. 728) | |
| 12.7 Background Reading for Chapter 12 (pg. 730) | |
| 12.8 Exercises (pg. 731) | |
| Appendix: Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises (pg. A-1) | |
| Photo and Figure Credits (pg. C-1) | |
| Index (pg. I-1) | |
| Endsheets (pg. I-11) | |
Gary Wulfsberg
Gary Wulfsberg is Emeritus Professor of Chemistry at Middle Tennessee State University. He received his B.S. degree at Iowa State University and his Ph.D. degree in Inorganic Chemistry under Robert C. West at University of Wisconsin-Madison. His postdoctoral work was at the Cornell University Program on Science, Technology, and Society, and the Technical University of Darmstadt. Gary has served as chairman of the International Steering Committee for Nuclear Quadrupole Interactions, and he is the author of 40 publications and two previous University Science Books textbooks, Principles of Descriptive Inorganic Chemistry (1987, also translated into Italian) and Inorganic Chemistry (2000, also translated into French).|
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