Action
An Introduction
by Rosenbaum
ISBN: 9780262368728 | Copyright 2023
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| Contents (pg. v) | |
| Preface (pg. vii) | |
| 1. Intellectual Background (pg. 1) | |
| Plato (pg. 1) | |
| René Descartes (pg. 3) | |
| Omar Khayyam (pg. 6) | |
| John Locke (pg. 6) | |
| Immanuel Kant (pg. 7) | |
| Karl Marx (pg. 8) | |
| John Dewey (pg. 10) | |
| Knowing How and Knowing That (pg. 11) | |
| The Paradox at Hand (pg. 13) | |
| Embodied Cognition (pg. 14) | |
| 2. Applications and Methods (pg. 17) | |
| Naturalistic Observation (pg. 18) | |
| Ecological Validity (pg. 21) | |
| Lights, Cameras, Action! (pg. 21) | |
| Cinematic Analysis (pg. 24) | |
| Movies with Markers (pg. 27) | |
| High-Tech Motion Recording (pg. 28) | |
| Reaction Times (pg. 29) | |
| Simple and Choice Reaction Times (pg. 31) | |
| Shepard Mental Rotation (pg. 33) | |
| Recording Brain Activity and Reductionism (pg. 35) | |
| Electroencephalograms (pg. 36) | |
| Positron Emission Tomography Scans (pg. 38) | |
| Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (pg. 39) | |
| Magnetoencephalography, Optogenetics, and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (pg. 41) | |
| 3. Bones, Muscles, Nerves (pg. 45) | |
| Bones (pg. 47) | |
| Five Fingers, Five Toes (pg. 50) | |
| Ligaments (pg. 52) | |
| Joints and Their Geometry (pg. 52) | |
| Joints and Joint Pain (pg. 53) | |
| Tendons (pg. 54) | |
| Muscles (pg. 55) | |
| How Are Muscles Controlled? (pg. 57) | |
| Are Muscles Balloons? (pg. 59) | |
| Muscle Cross-Bridges (pg. 60) | |
| Nerves (pg. 61) | |
| Neural Gaps and Myelin (pg. 64) | |
| Motor Neurons, Motor Units, and the Final Common Pathway (pg. 65) | |
| Motor Cortex (pg. 68) | |
| Population Coding (pg. 71) | |
| Population Coding and Mental Rotation (pg. 73) | |
| Some Final Words (pg. 74) | |
| 4. Moving in Space and Time (pg. 77) | |
| Route Maps, Survey Maps, and Cognitive Maps (pg. 77) | |
| Smaller Spaces (pg. 79) | |
| Neural Representations of Space (pg. 80) | |
| Neural Representation of Manually Reachable Space (pg. 81) | |
| Individual Differences in Spatial Navigation Abilities (pg. 82) | |
| Timing (pg. 84) | |
| The Problem of Sequencing and Timing (pg. 85) | |
| Tapping (pg. 85) | |
| Sir Charles Sherrington, Reflexes, and the Bell–Magendie Law (pg. 87) | |
| B. F. Skinner (pg. 88) | |
| Karl Lashley (pg. 89) | |
| Errors Reveal Plans (pg. 92) | |
| Freudian Slips (pg. 93) | |
| Action Slips and Abstract Representations (pg. 93) | |
| Bow Bloopers (pg. 95) | |
| Finger Fumblers (pg. 96) | |
| Tongue Twisters (pg. 97) | |
| Lessons Learned (pg. 98) | |
| Handpath Priming (pg. 99) | |
| Hierarchies (pg. 100) | |
| Neural Networks (pg. 101) | |
| Edward Taub, Constraint-Induced Therapy, and the Ethical Treatment of Animals (pg. 103) | |
| 5. Learning (pg. 107) | |
| 10,000 Hours (pg. 107) | |
| YouTube Overconfidence (pg. 110) | |
| The Case of H.M. (pg. 112) | |
| Hippocampus and Striatum (pg. 113) | |
| Quieter Brains Are More Skillful Brains (pg. 114) | |
| Stages of Skill Learning (pg. 114) | |
| Distributed Practice Is Better Than Massed Practice (pg. 116) | |
| Sleep, Interference, and Consolidation (pg. 116) | |
| Blocked Practice, Varied Practice, and Specificity of Learning (pg. 117) | |
| Power Law of Learning (pg. 119) | |
| Physical Changes and Reflexes (pg. 121) | |
| The Ecological Perspective (pg. 123) | |
| Jolly Jumpers (pg. 125) | |
| 6. Feedback (pg. 129) | |
| Trial-and-Error Learning through Feedback (pg. 129) | |
| Control Theory (pg. 132) | |
| Compensatory Tracking (pg. 133) | |
| Step Tracking (Saccadic Eye Movements) and Ramp Tracking (Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements) (pg. 135) | |
| Homing in on Targets (pg. 138) | |
| Speed–Accuracy Trade-offs and Ratio Relations (pg. 139) | |
| Process Models of Aiming (pg. 142) | |
| Vision for Action (pg. 144) | |
| How and What in Neurotypical Individuals (pg. 145) | |
| Visuomotor Adaptation (pg. 147) | |
| Other Forms of Adaptation (pg. 148) | |
| The Rubber-Hand Illusion (pg. 151) | |
| Vision Dominates Touch (pg. 152) | |
| The Pinocchio Effect (pg. 153) | |
| Changes in Body Perception Based on Sound (pg. 153) | |
| 7. Feedforward (pg. 157) | |
| Helmholtz, Unconscious Inference, Inflow, and Outflow (pg. 158) | |
| Predictive Changes in the Parietal Cortex (pg. 161) | |
| Saccadic Suppression (pg. 162) | |
| Blink Suppression (pg. 164) | |
| Calls across the Brain and the Zen of Suppression (pg. 165) | |
| Tickle Suppression (pg. 165) | |
| Schizophrenia (pg. 167) | |
| Learning by Doing (pg. 169) | |
| Expectations in House Flies (pg. 171) | |
| Ideomotor Theory (pg. 173) | |
| Embodiment (pg. 176) | |
| Effects of Possibility for Action on Perception (pg. 177) | |
| 8. The Degrees-of-Freedom Problem (pg. 181) | |
| The Meaning of the Term “Degrees-of-Freedom Problem” (pg. 181) | |
| Origin and Scope of the Degrees-of-Freedom Problem (pg. 182) | |
| Coupling or Synergies (pg. 186) | |
| Coupling within Limbs and between Lips (pg. 187) | |
| Coupling and Dynamical Systems (pg. 188) | |
| Coupling, Marr’s Three Levels of Explanation, and Cognition (pg. 191) | |
| Mechanical Coupling (pg. 193) | |
| Walking versus Running (pg. 194) | |
| Preflexes (pg. 195) | |
| Equilibrium Point Control in Monkeys (pg. 196) | |
| Equilibrium Point Control in Frogs (pg. 198) | |
| Equifinality in Frogs and Primates (pg. 198) | |
| Equilibrium Point Control in Humans (pg. 200) | |
| Disequilibrium over the Equilibrium Point Hypothesis (pg. 201) | |
| Posture-Based Motion Planning (pg. 202) | |
| Soft Constraints (pg. 206) | |
| The Grasp-Height Effect (pg. 206) | |
| The End-State Comfort Effect (pg. 207) | |
| Second-Order Grasp Planning in Animals and Children (pg. 209) | |
| 9. Onward (pg. 213) | |
| Medical Advances (pg. 213) | |
| Robotics (pg. 216) | |
| Styles of Moving (pg. 219) | |
| Emotions (pg. 221) | |
| Social Factors (pg. 225) | |
| Inhibiting Actions (pg. 229) | |
| Precrastination (pg. 232) | |
| Notes (pg. 237) | |
| Preface (pg. 237) | |
| Chapter 1 (pg. 237) | |
| Chapter 2 (pg. 237) | |
| Chapter 3 (pg. 239) | |
| Chapter 4 (pg. 241) | |
| Chapter 5 (pg. 244) | |
| Chapter 6 (pg. 245) | |
| Chapter 7 (pg. 247) | |
| Chapter 8 (pg. 248) | |
| Chapter 9 (pg. 250) | |
| References (pg. 253) | |
| Index (pg. 275) | |
David A. Rosenbaum
David A. Rosenbaum is Distinguished Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of California, Riverside. He is the author of Human Motor Control, It's a Jungle in There: How Competition and Cooperation in the Brain Shape the Mind, Knowing Hands: The Cognitive Psychology of Manual Control, and other books.
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